Early+Latin+America



ESPIRT on Spain

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- the idea of saving the Indians by conversion to Christianity -superiority over people; man over women, father over family, strong over weak -Indians must accept the fact that Spaniards are allow to take over them

By natural law, Spaniards have the given right to rule over the natives of Americia and if the natives the resist the spaniards control, they have the right to take control by force.

The Spanish are superior; intellectually, civically, and physcicallywhich by natural law Spaniards have the given right to rule over the natives of America.

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Summary:

Sepulveda believed that Indians were barbaric, yet de las Casas saw that Sepulveda ideals were wrong. Both of two writers saw the Indians needed to be converted in order to save them. They saw that the Christian/ Catholic Church can save the Indians from their uncivilized life. However de las Casas argue that Sepulveda cannot justify in calling the Indians barbaric because there was a point in time where the Spanish was saw as barbaric by the Romans, so de las Casas argues about where could have the barbarism went for the Spanish. It states how the Spanish was once barbaric and how it is not right to be called barbaric. On the other hand, Sepulveda saw Indians were barbaric and Spaniards are given the right to use them and save them from their “uncivilized” lives. Spaniards high ego motivated them to capture and control the Indians for their own uses.

Notes on Portugal and Brazil MI: **Predro Alvares Cabral**, was the first official leader went on an expedition to India where he stopped on Brazilian land exposing him to the new beginning of Portuguese colonization. MI: Sugar became a growing producer in Brazil as well as the use of slavery to increase production. MI: In Brazil a gold rush changes the economy and trading of Portugal. MI: The colonization in Latin America combines the different racial groups of Indians, Europeans, and Africans creating societies of multiracial families. MI: The social structure based on racial relations began to form with the sexual exploitation of the slaves.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">Brazil: The First Plantation Colony **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">little attention was put on the the Americas till French competitors gave the Portuguese military action
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">**captaincies**: nobles who had strong feudal power had the desire to expand
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">relations with the Native Americans were peaceful
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">the Portuguese also brought over African slaves
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">in 1549 - Portuguese King brought over people to create a royal capital in Salvador ; Jesuit missionaries arrived also
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; line-height: 200%;">the area was growing with life where more cities were being created thus causing the numbers of people to exponentially increase
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; line-height: 200%;">comercial trading expanded
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sugar and Slavery **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">agriculture and the industry worked together where machinery advanced to benefit processing sugar
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">by 17th century there were around 7,000 African slaves in a 150,000 slave population
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">social structure became base on occupation; white planter families became an aristocracy how ever the laborers were at the lower classes and the population of mixed origins were increasing
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Portugal created a Bureaucratic system in the colonies were a governor general ruled but in each province there were regional rules
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">royal officials were trained in law to create the basis of the bureaucracy; connections with Brazil to Portugal became stronger coming to other relations
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Brazil's Age of Gold **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">competition in the economy cause the sugar industry to slowly fall but in 1695 gold strikes were made in the region called Minas Gerais
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Paulistas were 17th century men in capturing Indians who would search for precious metals
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With the gold rush over half the population of slavers were working in gold mines were production would reach about 3 tons of gold per year; this made Brazil a great source of Gold in the Western World
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">wealth of gold led to trading in new areas and creations of buildings in the colonies( churches)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Multiracial Societies **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">multiracial societies created relations of master and slaves
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Society of Castas **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">usually the white master would force sex upon the Indian servants or slaves
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">exploitation was a growing cause affecting the mixed background population
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**sociedad de castas** - social structure based on racial origins where whites on top where black and Native Americans were at the bottom ; nobles, priest, and commoners also had the social structure based on wealth and occupation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">combination - mestizo mulatto . etc; growing diversity created confusion => thus created mixed origins,**castas**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">restrictions and rules begin to change among the classes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Creoles dominated local economy with mines and plantation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">social structure change with the basis ideals of gender, age, class with the ideal of race
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">women gain more power and the father of the family loses superiority faster
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the lower class women were control by commerce in the towns usually working in villages; also women has full rights to inheritance
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">upper-class women however are not allow to marry at a young age; usually place in convents to prevent marriages that with other racial backgrounds