Russia

**1. Read In Depth p.684 take brief notes and answer the questions (5 points)**

A country of Revolutions Factors to revolution in the 20th century In Mexico, people lost land to moneylenders causing riots. People in Africa and Asian colonies had educated people work to gain independence. People were anger by the conditions and it provided people with support for new political parties. 20th century: increase of global connections -> economic competition and unwanted wars
 * peasant conditions => pressures of population growth and resentment against landowners
 * increase of tax
 * spread of industrial revolution
 * increase of advance machinery, decrease need for peasant workers
 * intellectual climate
 * to gain a greater national autonomy

What internal and external forces weaken the government of Mexico and China in the opening decades of the 20th century and unleashed the forces of revolution?
 * people losing jobs due to advancement in industries
 * terrible peasant conditions
 * increase of taxes
 * protests for independence

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What key social groups were behind the revolutions in Mexico, China, and Russia, and why were they so important in each case? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What similarities and differences can you identify among these three early revolutions in the 20th century? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Similarities <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Differences
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Peasants, educated middle classes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The people were so important because they were the one who were affected from the efforts of industrialization in a negative way. It drove them to fight for their independence and equality.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">terrible peasant conditions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">increase of taxes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">protests and riots
 * educated people who are committed to independence
 * increase of communist theorists

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Take outline notes on Russia (25 points)**


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-top: 0in;">Revolution in Russia p681-685

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Revolution in Russia <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: Due to war going around in the world, strikes and riots broke out due to food shortages and high costs.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">rioters wanted more food and new political regime
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviet: council of workers took over the city and arrested the tsar ministers => ending the tsar's long imperial rule
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Under the rule of the soviet rule the government struggled to rule => Russian Revolution in 1780
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Alexander Krensky: Russian revolutionary leaders, who was happy to see the parliamentary rule, other freedoms and a host of political and legal changes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Liberal leaders wanted to maintain a war effort and to push back any social reforms to create a stable political structure first
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Revolution occurred in November who changed the power from the Communist part and Lenin as head chief
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This was a great point of time for Lenin were he could change the society by a middle-class rule where revolution would come form an organized group of leaders.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Problems faced by Lenin and the Bolsheviks
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">signing the peace treat with Germany where they would give up large sections of land
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">lamentations from the Treaty of Versailles
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1917: Creation of the Council of People's Commissars, with people from all over the nation to govern the state
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Parliament was also shut down by Lenin where he replaced it with Congress of Soviets, he believed that, "the people voted for a party which no longer existed"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">People outside of the nation were amazed at the fact that the nation grew on communist terms
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Internal civil war from 1918 - 1921 was due to economic distress. Soviets vs tsarist generals, peasants, minority nationalities => Lenin redistributed land to peasants
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Economy could not strive due to famine and civil wars

Stabilization of Russia's communist Regime MI: Lenin took it into his hands to create a better and stable army.
 * Red Army: New army under the leadership **Leon Trotsky** recruited generals and loyal conscripts. The army was used to strengthen communism in Russia. The army inspire people to mass loyalty and the promise of a brighter future

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Stalinism in the Soviet Union p698-703 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">





<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%;">**Eastern Europe after WWII p750-759**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: The Soviets plan was to create strong connections around the world to spread their idea of communism.
 * The Soviet Union as Superpower**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the desire for the Soviet Union to regain all previous lost land was to play an active role on European diplomacy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With WWII going on the Soviet Union create alliances with the West while the industry continues to grow
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviets proved protection to Northern Korea, spreading the communist ideas
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1970s - Soviets gain Vietnam as a new ally allowing them naval bases for the Soviets
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Soviets became a super power similar to the USA especially with the creation of the hydrogen bombs

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: Communist idea spreading world wide was going strong for a while, however the attempts to keep movements and riots down were beginning to fail.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviets were spreading their influence word-wide
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1945 - Soviets were spreading/ expanding into Eastern Europe pushing the Germans back
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">However in Greece were they move toward Western ideals and in Yugoslavia a communist regime was form by Toto to be neutral in the Cold War and create a more open minded version of Communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">During the 1950s the Soviets put a stop to whatever came their way such as the Roman Catholic Church and education and propaganda outlets were created to endorse the idea of Communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With the formation of NATO the Soviets continue to form alliances same with the West
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Berlin War: Soviets built the wall in 1961 to control the flow of people
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In Poland and Hungary, new liberal communist leaders became more popular but the Soviets control to what the nations did do => The Communist Political system control to dominate the area
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In Poland a movement for independent labor and Catholic unrest became to known as **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Solidarity **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">because of the low conditions of the economy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Even when the economy dropping the Soviet Union continue to provide supplies to other countries who supports to idea remaining a strong military presence

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: The growing competition of the United States and Soviet Union, had the Soviet Union remain a centralized government to control to people.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Evolution of Domestic Policies **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With the growth of the Soviet Union in the 1940s, Soviet Union and the United States form this competition of technology, and with this it motivated the Soviet Union to be the best
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The political structure control to focus on centralized control with the extension of education, welfare, police operation - young people were rising from the lower class

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: The Culture of the Soviets have science remained as prestigious while in religion and education limits were placed to allow Communist ideas to spread.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Soviets continue to limited culture that was no seen fit for the nation such as limiting the Church's uses and the education subjects. The culture was change so the communist ideas can spread.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1917- Communist declared war on the Orthodox church in order to have the idea of Marxist to dominate
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Styles of Western art and literature were also limited but the Russians did promote classical music, and ballet
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">However literature in Russia did remain creative and diverse, where some authors wrote about WWII and earlier traditions; Expect writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was exile to the United States after writing about Siberian prison camps
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Science and social sciences was a great prestige for people to be part of where they believe in the use of rational ideas compared to the West

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: In Soviet Union, the economy was still control by the government however new changes with factories and new technology changed the social life of people where new groups participates in higher level jobs.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Economy and Society **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The state control basically all of the economy giving NO space to private-own businesses
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">living condition did improved however the environment conditions suffered with factories, and mining
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">industrialization was a growing trend with work focused more on factory work however agriculture of the Soviets did not recover
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">family life altered where more people was working in the work fore and peasants participate in jobs for medicine instead of working heavy physical labors

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: After the death of Stalin, leaders such as Khrushchev took into their own hands to change the political ruling in the USSR.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">De-Stalinization **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">After WWII, The Soviet Union had a one-man rule but gradually it was proven difficult so when Stalin died the successor was based on leadership from balanced interested groups - army, police, political parties
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nikita Khrushchev, the next leader of the Soviet Union told the public he would work on de-stalinization were centralized power would decrease, but even with all he said very little changed except some people were allow to take about the issues
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Khrushchev push for a peaceful co-existence where he told out the missiles in Cuba in 1962 however the economy continue to grow but there was no dramatic breakthroughs
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Military continue to grow with space programs and new technology. With the rise of Muslim awareness in the 1970s the Soviet union prompted an invasion in Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">However with the loss of consumer goods, people were drinking where it increase alcohol rates and death rates
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Observers tried to changed the life-style but nothing really changed and with the collapse of communism it was a great down-fall for many people

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;">The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: Efforts from communist rule all were shown from the land and the society of the people.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Because of intense industrialization agriculture land deteriorated and suffered ecological disasters
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The ecological disasters cause an increase in health problems
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the economic growth stop where many of the resources were sent to the military

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The Age of Reform** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: With Mikhail Gorbachev in power, he changed the government to fit the idea of a newly changed nation to keep up with the rest of the world.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mikhail Gorbachev new leader changed the government still with the uses from the basics of Stalin
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">made use of a more Western style of clothing
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">encouraged open press - people would be able to engage in political issues
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">urge for a reduction of the production of nuclear weapons
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1987 he ended war in Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">glasnost: policy of openness issue by Gorbachev where he try to create freedom however many people criticize the idea of being open
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">perestroika: economic reconstruction. This was put in because Gorbachev saw that isolation of the nation limited their technological advances and now people are able to own private businesses
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Gorbachev also encouraged people to reduce their drinking because with this it would create a better economy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">New Constitution was made were it was not based off of Communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">New issues b/w men and women sprung up where Gorbachev encouraged women to go back to the "old fashion ways"

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Dismantling the Soviet Empire** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: The once large USSR had Eastern European nations work their way into independence from them.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Smaller states in Eastern Europe were on its road to independence steering away from Communist rulings
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Poland, Hungary, work on gaining its independence from the Soviets in the 1980s
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">in 1990 the Berlin Wall was destroy were it reunited Germany once again and non-communists won the free election
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Bulgaria and Albania however did move away from Soviet control however continue with the use of the Communist Party

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: In the 1990s people were showing hate towards the new changes of the economy and the work of the Russian Republic took down Gorbachev.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Summer 1991 it shown that in the Soviet Union some people continue to hate on the idea of decentralization
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With Gorbachev authority weaken from the coup a Russian Republic took over the nation where in 1991 leaders such as Boris Yeltsin declared the end of the Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Boris Yeltsin became president of Russia however the economy was still unstable and tensions were rising
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Boris Yeltsin's leadership ended up badly with a civil war b/w rebels and military repression
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">New President Vladimir Putin in 1999 vowed that he would clean up the corruption - government with democracy

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">3. Complete a leadership analysis of //__either__// Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin or Nikita Khrushchev (5 points)

Nikita Khrushchev || April 15, 1894 – September 11, 1971 || Title: Chairman/Premier || Soviet Union/Russia || Years in Power September 14, 1953 – October 14, 1964 ||
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Communist Party, the government is controlling all
 * Economy is not prospering
 * Areas of agriculture is destroy due to industrialization
 * Famine was running high ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * To restore Russia
 * Destalization – to rid of the communist ideas
 * Peaceful co-existence with other nations
 * Better military program ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power


 * Pull out missiles in Cuba = > peace
 * People were drinking more => higher death rates
 * Space programs were growing
 * Freedom of arts
 * Eastern Europe countries were slowly gaining their independence ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Better economy conditions
 * Military program & military strength || Long-Term Effects
 * Space program effects
 * Peace between other nations ||

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4. Write a thesis statement for the following questions (10 points)**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">At the beginning of 1914, Russia was a monarchary where it had a tsar ruler, however it shifted to a communist rule in the 1930 under the leadership of Joesph Stalin, but when times got bad, the communist party ended in the 1980s where Russia is currently democractic. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Add global context -> spread of communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-top: 0in;">Analyze the changes and continuities in Russian political structure from 1914 to the present

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">between 1914 and the present russian society changes in 2/3 main ways women gain greater role, greater participation in politics however ___, remained the same. GLOBAL CONTEXT. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Russian society was always a low-class life where people suffered from terrible living conditions, but with industrialization during the 1940s people began to work in factories where people were able to get jobs, however the society still have a high percentage of poverty; except people are able to find jobs and make a standard amount of living. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">society: gender roles, participation in politics, the roles of the people, social classes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-top: 0in;">Analyze the changes in Russian Society from 1914 to the present