Africa+and+the+Africans+in+the+Age+of+the+Slave+Trade



**The Atlantic Slave Trade** MI: The Portuguese colonization spread down to Africa where they set up ports and factories the contributed to the blooming trade with the Americas.
 * **Factories**: areas where merchants live of forts and trading posts; example El Mina(1482) – main gold production region of the forest zone
 * during the time forts where given rulers where they have enforce power to decrease the amount of raids
 * The Portuguese gain goods from the Africans such as ivory, pepper, animal skins, gold, and slaves and in return the Portuguese would give the Africans goods
 * Main ports such as El Mina and Accra had routes that traded directly with gold where it led to the interactions with the merchants from Mali and Songhay
 * However trading with the Portuguese and Africans was not always a friendly relation; African small states found them suspicious
 * Nzinga Mvemba: Kongo ruler and Portuguese advisers and missionaries work together to convert the whole kingdom to Christianity ; although the relations cause Mvemba work to try and end slave trade => partially successful
 * With the increase of Portuguese soldiers and traders on African land, Africans began to incorporate them into their ideals on the spiritual world => Portuguese soldiers appearing in statues
 * **Luanda**: Portuguese factory created off of the Cape of Good Hope where it became the basis for the Portuguese colony of Angola
 * Around the coast Africa, ports where forming where gold trade was increasing as well as missionary work;
 * major products of trade: gold, pepper, slave
 * slaves were used by the Portuguese and Spanish to develop sugar plantations in the Americas

Trend Toward Expansion MI: The constant trade of Slave trade created a cycle where people was focused on the idea of slave mortality. Demographic Patterns <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">MI: The difference between trans-Saharan slave trade and the Atlantic slave trade was the demographic patterns taken place. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">Organization of the Trade <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">MI: Slave trade became so important to the economy of the Europeans where slaves was profitable to create a more prospering economy. > <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">America – Europe : sugar, tobacco and other goods <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Europe, America, African created this triangle of trade
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">However fertility from the slaves were low because when slaves are imported usually the percent of men were higher compared to women
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">to keep the population of slaves high there was a demand for constant imports of slaves
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">slave trade change the concentration of the population
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">because of slave trade it also cause wars between Dahomey and Benin
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">**Trans-Saharan:** consists of women were they are used as concubines and servants where as **Atlantic slave trade** consist of men to work as planters and mine owners
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">Atlantic slave trade created an impact of new plantations and crops that help recovered from losses to the slave trade
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">Companies were excited for the use of slaves to create a growing colonies such as Royal African Company
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">Europeans were creating merchant towns or trade forts with slaves they take
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">Indies pieces: was a system created by a Spaniard that children and women were priced at fraction of the value
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">slaves became such a monopoly over trade rules and restrictions had to be made
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">triangular trade -
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">slave trade from Africa created this connection to the rest of the world of this complex economy  <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade**  <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> MI: Europeans justify the idea of slave trade, because the people in Africa was already partaking in enslaving their own.
 * African society: slaves were consider a form servants to work as servants concubines, soldiers, administrators, field workers ; slaves were use to pay tribute; slaves was a extension for the family system ; used for mining and salt production
 * slaves was so commonly use in African societies it was those to believe the excess amount of women lead to polygamy
 * slavery not saw as a wrong doing towards Muslims

**Slaving and African Politics** > MI: African societies expansion cause constant wars within the continent that encourage the importance of military and power. **Asante and Dahomey** > MI: As bad as slave trade sounds, it did have good results on some of the the areas in West Africa such as Empire Asante and Kingdom Dahomey. East Africa and the Sudan > MI: When West Africa was prospering from trade with the Europeans, Eastern Africa gain most of its influence from the Muslim trade. White Settlers and Africans MI: Along the south coast of Africa, the people there was little affected by the slave trade going on, on the rest of the continent. > > > > > > > > > > > > >
 * Between 1500 & 1750 Europe was taking over Sub-Saharan Africa that cause a period of instability; constant competition
 * African politics => increase of slavery
 * presence of Europeans change the way of ruling where larger states would take over smaller states for gold
 * with the rising fear of African states being able to take over Europe, Europe sent European goods over to Africa to expand their influence
 * Empire Asante: rose during the period of slave trade. Originated from the members of Akan people who settle on gold and kola nut areas. Contains 20 small states based on clans
 * **Osei Tutu** vigorous ruler who took title **asantehene** who created the supreme civil and religious leader
 * because of the ruler he change the ruling and united the clans
 * Kingdom of Dahomey: Originated from the members of Fon people; ruled by king that have powerful advisers; as the kingdom expansion towards the coast the kingdom attracted European traders
 * Expansion cause the decrease of royal families and customs of the areas
 * slave trade changed the power of ruling; kings & advisers → divine authority
 * arts of African societies: bronze castings, woodcarving, and weaving; artisans guilds are being established; architecture art increasing
 * Europeans have come to accepted African arts where it help influences some increase throughout Renaissance Europe
 * Eastern Europe was at constant trade with the Muslims and Ottomans
 * slaves in the Middle East was use as harems and households
 * areas around the coast had a growing population of Slavery for plantations and mining
 * Luo people was resulted from the created of related dynasties; did exercise some about of power
 * Islamization was spreading and it began a violent stage connected to growth of Slavery
 * Movement of religious leaders of the Subi created an impact of the Fublani, a pastoral people
 * Expansion of the area was going strong because of the Islamization where they were trying to eliminate pagan practices and an increase of pagan practices
 * slaves increase along with trade route increase
 * the people at the time was occupied by Bushmen, Khoikhoi people where they where hunting and gathering type of people around the 3rd century
 * the people where thought to have been migrated from the fertile land
 * by 16th century ,the spoke Bantu; the people occupied most of Southern Africa
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