Byzantine



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11/3 - How do you think the location of Constantinople may have affected its development?

The location of Constantinople

Outline of the foundation of Byzantine (began 4th Century B.E, lasted for 1000 years)
 * ruled from new metropolis
 * peasants was given a solid tax
 * Court language- Latin; common tongue-Greek
 * traded with Egyptians and Syrians
 * recruiting armies instead of using barbarian troops that could take advantage of their use
 * political style: emperor that had elaborate and fancy ceremonies

Outline of Justinian's achievements
 * rebuilt Constantinople, imperial artchitechure
 * fixed high taxes when people revoked
 * new classical architecture; **Hagia Sophia** - new church with dome like structure
 * Justinian create new laws to unite and organize the old laws; bureaucracy; with that it spread **Roman legal principles** into other parts of Europe
 * **Belisarius** - invaded North Africa and Italy and together with Justinian they made a temporary capital
 * **Ravenna** - artistic center with Christian mosaics
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">When Justinian tried to expand land, he attempt to push Persian forces out
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Justinian unified the language for it to be Greek

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mark up on Justinian Code 2 media type="custom" key="7446949" <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Summary on Justinian Code 2

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The law on book II is about, using the law of nature to determine whether man or government owns the building, or an natural area. Basically the law of nature, is that some areas of land is either open to the public or belonging to a certain party. For example,with rule 2 it states that "all rivers and ports are open to the public" however with rule 4 it states "the banks of a river are the property of those whose land they adjoin" With rule 2 the river is open to the public where they can fish and travel, by providing a stable job. However, if along the sides of the river belongs to a man, or the property owner, the area is not open to the public, and if the public uses it, they would be punished. Also with book II, it mentions about sharing materials with 2 parties. Such as in rule 27, that the new product combined with the materials is typically belongs to the one who worked on it, not providing the materials. In book II, not using the law of nature, religious areas are considered sacred and belongs to no one.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">BOOK 1: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">jurisprudence - philosophy of law, wisdom <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">BOOK 3:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Justice and law, civil law, and marriage
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Justice and law - persuit of Justice, art of study - philisophy and areology
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">public law - government private - natural law, law of nation, civil law, for the people to do good they get good
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">persuit of justice is to based on virtues of principles
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">civil law - to people of the states
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">law of nations - civil laws that are common to every state
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">natural law - ideas that are inherited
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">civil law is greater than the law of nation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">law of persons - slavery, slavery belongs to the law of nation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">marriage - no perligiment, no insected, blessing from family
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">reflects from the byzantine society and law makers all had to very well train, showes how much between state power and church power
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">law of persons - a way of conodoment

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Read 203 - 209 and answer the following questions. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Who were Cyril and Methodius? What did they accomplish?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Byzantine missionaries sent to Czech and Slavark republic
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">accomplished learning how to speak Slavic Language
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Using the oral language to create a written language using Greek letters now known as Cyrillic
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With new written script it increase the chances of literature and literacy development

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">How did events in the Middle East affect the demographics of the East Central borderlands? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Outline the development of the Kievan Rus <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What important decision was made by Vladimir I? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What were some of the major similarities and differences between Byzantium and the Kievan Rus? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Byzantium vs Kievan Rus <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What factors led to the decline of the Kievan Rus?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Jews were trying to escape from Christianity causing an influx of Jews in the Middle East
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Kiev, city was set up to create a government by the Slavs, and used by the Scandinavian traders
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Monarchy sprung up by a man name Rurik according to legend
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Rurik the first prince named the area Kievan Rus around 855 c.e where it was organized through regional alliances and aristrocrats
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Kievan Rus - located **centrally that made it a good trading port between Russians and Constantinople**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">his conversion on becoming Christian
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">force other people to convert
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Similarities || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Differences ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">devotion to God, God is an all mighty being || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">literature - written in Cyrillic ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Central ruler, emperor/empress || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Art was mainly focused on religion and religious idols ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Dome like churches, ex Great Cathedral of Kiev || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">wood was used for building instead of stone ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Basing Russian law on Byzantine law code || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pagon - oral tradition, music, theater for religion ||
 * || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">free farmers ; boyars - Russian aristocrats who had less power ||
 * || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">creating alliances through marriages ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">invasions from the Mongols
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">trade and wealth that depended on Southern neighbors
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">regional government where family fought over for'

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Summary for page 208 Eastern and Western Europe: The problem of Boundaries <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The problem with boundaries between Eastern and Western Europe that it's difficult to figure out when did the state fell apart. Many factors that determine when the state split or fell would the religion, culture, trade, and it's overall civilization. For example, when the empire was split into 2 because of religion, there was traces of the disputed religion on each side; technically making the east part of the west. With written languages, the east and west would be divide by Latin/Greek with the Cyrillic script. Another way of distinguishing boundaries would be from trade tides between different areas. However with invasions it constantly changes the boundaries of the areas that could spread their land into the east/west.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Summary on the development of Eastern Europe <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: The development of Eastern Europe was based on ideas and principles on Western Europe, but they still had to own ideas. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> The development of Eastern Europe first began when the religion idea split the the eastern and the west with Christianity and Orthadox. The ideas seperated the people and ideas began to change. When Slavic people decided to setup a government in Kiev it ruled by aristrocracy and alliances through marriage. The city became a central trading port, that created prosperity in the economy and wealth. People wrote in Cyrillic script that influence literature and literact among that people. The religion began basing it on oral tradition and music to express their ideas.