The+West


 * [[image:The_West.PNG width="800" height="321"]]

The picture is what i feel like is what the West is. It wold be like this because it would not include any of the "eastern" side of the world, The West is the imperalist countries with colonies around the world. Also this part of the world is consider more "develop" the others. Geographically the area is consider the West due the fact that people in the East saw the people as the "West".

**Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes**

Bouncing Back?


 * WWI => Large war deaths amount, inflation, increases of taxes
 * Germany created a new republic even with the payments place on Germany because of the War
 * cubist movement: Artistic creativity movement led by Pablo Picasso with the spread of modern art with the use of geometrical shapes
 * advancements in science and the important work of Albert Einstein
 * new consumer items(radios) => middle class women to go to nightclubs, smokings => eventually it led to women being able to work in Germany, Great Britain, USA, and Turkey
 * economy did not regain its past power

Other Industrial Centers

New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism
 * Canada, Australia, and New Zealand gain rewards for participation in WWI; Australia became independent
 * US work systems were changing with the use of assembly lines
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the spread of Jazz, the spread of the "Red Scare", the refusal to enter the League of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Japan enter a new world of industrialization where agricultural work is advancing with the use of fertilizers and mechanical equipment
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Military in Japan was trained separately but reports back to the emperor however the military grew suspicious of the growing consumerism in Japan

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The New Nations of East Central Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In 1919, a former socialism and former solder Benito Mussolini created the union for struggle where as an Italian fascist would use ideas that would combine bother capitalism and socialism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Fascism is an aggressive nationalistic foreign policy to take land, began in the 19th century where groups use authoritarian leadership to shower their nationalist values instead of a capitalist nation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1922: working class had divisions in it and then the King called Mussolini to create a new government
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1926: under Mussolini rule he banned elections

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Great Depression <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: Causation MI The Debacle MI: Responses to the Depression in Western Europe MI: The New Deal MI: The Rise of Nazism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In east central Europe during the 1920s Authoritarian regimes were growing but the nations could not maintain economic difficulties
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Bitter rivalries in small eastern European states were weak economically and diplomatically
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">political patterns => social tension => 1930s - Depression => peasants lived in hunger and poverty
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">turmoil because of WWI -> global depression
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Great Depression: stock markets drop in 1929 in New York
 * during the 1920s the war demand a large food supply => lower prices
 * post war: Europe and NA borrow a lot to buy new equipment
 * people were moving away from the country side -> hard to keep the high demand of manufactured goods
 * in France and Germany the economic seem to recovered from loans from US
 * the demand of food was to high compared to the production of food => weaken Western economy
 * Debt became an ongoing trend to try to and fix everything

The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War MI: The idea of Fascism spread into Italy where new types of leaders were put in place. Economic and Political Changes in Latin America
 * Depression => fascist regime
 * movements for fascism was to to destroy the corruption and class conflict of Western capitalism
 * movements usually never promised social reforms but it did help the people to go against the Western ideals
 * National Socialist or Nazi a regime created in Germany under Adolf Hitler was a group that was committed to change liberal, democratic,political forms
 * Hitler emphasized the ideas of how bad the parliamentary politics and people saw this as guidance during the bad times they were facing
 * Hitler promise to go bad to old traditional ways; the Nazis became the hope during the time of the Depression
 * totalitarian state: a new kind of government that would show direct control over the people and what they do; Everything is control by the government
 * Gestapo: secret police arrested thousands of people that was on the opposing political parties
 * Hitler hated the idea of Jews and blame them on the misfortunes
 * Hitler also prepared for the War so they could gain back their land
 * Nazi continue to triumph in Germany where the land was spreading with the union of Austria and Germany in 1938
 * 1935 - Mussolini attacked Ethiopia to avenge Italy's previous failure to conquer ancient land; this was condemned by the League of Nations
 * Spanish Civil War: forces supporting a parliamentary republic plus social reform feuded since 1931 with advocates if a military-backed authoritarian state
 * Spanish military was ruled by General Francisco Franco where they won in 1939 but maintain the use of authoritarian state


 * 1920s&1930s: middle class enter politics in Latin America
 * ideology of liberalism was a series of ideas suited to the realities of Latin America of large population, and increasing industrialization
 * Latin America was thought to be going no where => social change and reforms to education and the formation of communist parties

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Old and New Causes of Second World War <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: On the journey to the second world war was the continued idea of nationalism and the effects from the previous war. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Unchecked Aggression and the coming of War in Europe and the Pacific <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Conduct of a Second Global War <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nazi Blizkeieg, Stalemate, and the long retreat <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MI: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-year Reich <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Rise and fall of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific War <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">War's End and the Emergence of the Super power Standoff <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">From Hot War to Cold War ><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Future trends: decolonization and the issues between USA and Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1920s: national forces in China gain power to rule the politics world
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Guomindang( Nationalist) party, General Chiang Kai-shek was the head of the party won support from a large group of people to use his military successes to unify China by defeating northern warlords
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">success of China => Japanese worried that the China would too strong => Japanese taking over Manchuria in 1931
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Together Hitler and Mussolini use the Spanish Civil War to create an allied regime, the area was use for training ground => Franco's destruction of the government
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Soviets only help the Spanish when in need, yet Franco refused to join the world war
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">WWI began on September 1, 1939
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Axis power linkages: Berlin, Rome, Tokyo
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Winston Churchill saw that the war was inevitable but people feared Churchill would create welfare states to cure the economy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1937: Manchukuo launched an invasion in China that cause a fire fighting between Japanese and Chinese
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">By end 1938 the Japanese has taken over most of the coastal cities in China including Shanghai and Nanjing => Chinese retreating back into the country instead of around the coast
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nazi military advisors had help Guomindang officers training to keep Japanese invasions contained
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1939: Germany sign nonagression pact with Stalin
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Anglo-American and Soviet alliance was more powerful against the Axis powers
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Rapid collapse was due to the weak and divided leadership => most of France was part of Germany's control by 1940
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Vichy**: city part of Nazi puppet regime to be in charge of all of the offenses
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Battle of Britain: Nazis attempt on gaining control of the British Isles but with Churchill and his cabinet they use strong air tactics to fight against the attacks
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">By mid 1941 the Germans had control most of Europe and continue to control the south and east because of the defiance from the British
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1941: Nazis took over Ukraine => cheaper labor and oil resources
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Russian resistance got stronger but the harsh winters caught German forces unprepared
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">As Germans continue to invade Russia, they continue to fail
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1943-1944: Red armies went to Nazi forces defeating them and it was the beginning of their slow retreat
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Holocaust: Genocidal orgy where about 12 million people were murdered because of the Nazi "removal" of Jewish, Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals. This began with the Armenian massacres in 1915. Zionist leaders in Palestine sought to see that they needed somewhere else to live.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The British was no able to provide much help because they were too concern with their own problems
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mussolini and the last of his many mistresses was captured and shot by citizens => handed upside on a lamppost near Lake Bellagio
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Battle of Bulge**: winter of 1944-1945 Armies invaded Germany from the west, while the Red armies invaded from the east
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Together the Americans and Russians who together to take over each camp
 * //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">April 30 - Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunk => in less than two weeks the German military surrendered //
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Japan had been fighting in the major war on the Chinese mainland
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1/3 of Japan soldiers was used on the Chinese
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Japanese captured Hong Kong, Malaya, Burma, Dutch East Indies, Philippines
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Even though the size of the capture land was high the military was in desperate needs for food and materials
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Food and materials that were sent to Japan => resistance movements in Burma and Philippines
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Resistance fighters work together with the British to stop shipping from coming in
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1944: Americans sank a large amount of food that was use to be ship to Japan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Battle of Coral Sea: United States naval fight of Japan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In June 1944 off Midway Islands the Americans won against Admiral Yamamoto who was head of the Pearl Harbor attack
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">March 1945: General Certis Le May sent out a series of bombs on Tokyo cities => deaths of 125000 people that were mostly civilians
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Summer 1945: Japanese were sending out peace feelings
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**United Nations(UN)** international organization that would create peace, and a place to plan and finance
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">UN was use to negotiate international problems and destroy any world powers
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Tehran Conference**: 1944 conference to decided on the invasion of Nazi-occupied France however Britain decided separately on Soviet taking control on smaller countries on Eastern Europe while USA resisted this idea
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Yalta Conference**: 1945, In Soviet Crimea FDR decided with the Soviets that they would get land in Manchuria and northern Japanese islands. However when trying to divide Germany up USA wanted to keep the land Democratic but Stalin liberated Poland which was against the agreed terms
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Final Post War Conference took place in Potsdam in July 1945. Russian forces had already taken over half of Europe and Eastern Germany.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Treaty decided on diving land between USA and Russia was to the country of Austria
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Korea was also divided by USA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviet Union continue to spread eastward where most of the land that was taken control in WWI was control by the Soviets


 * Read chapter 31p.732 - 750**

What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿Western governments continue to interact witht he colonies culturally
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿European governments also intervene in the resources for trade
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿France and Britain were losing all their colonies => they both tried to stop independence movements in Eygpt in 1956

How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿Cold War: riviary between United States and Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviets had taken over the "eastern bloc" of Europe that includes Poland, Bolgaria, Romanina, and more on the Eastern side
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Communist ideas spreading outside of Europe into Asian and Middle East
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Division of Germany - Soviets taking East
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">West moves into East Germany to promote economic recovery -> Russian blockade -> Western Airlift of supplies and food
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">National Atlantic Treat Organization(NATO): form in 1949 to create an alliance among the West European nations, Canada, and United States against Soviet Agression - to contain communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Warsaw Pact: alliances with the Soviets
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Soviets in 1949 were able to use nuclear weapons
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1958: France withdrew from NATO

Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿political reforms push European government towards Liberal Democracies => change
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">new consitution to avoid mistakes from Germany
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">To have a democratic government instead of a facist, authoritariuan government

What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿Welfare state: Welfare state is an economic politcy created to deal with the economic problemns after World War II. It was developed to fight off economic ineqality to include medical prgrams and economic planning
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">welfare state => reware lower class for their loyalty
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">issues: insurance, family assistance, government housing, government funding

Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿British created the British Conservative Party ;
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">NATO encouraged Western Germany participating in the group, along with "Low countries" and Italy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">﻿European union: single economic group between West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Luxembourg
 * France and Germany debates over agricultural policy

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Outline economic development in Europe > <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">tarrifs were reducing within the union
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1992: creation of the Euro
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">welfare state and European Union => economic growth
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">mid 1950s : Agricultural production and productivity increase because of new equipment and needs, food production usually meets right amount with enough to spare to trade
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">European products include: textiles, metallurgical products, automobiles, appliances, weapon
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">During the 1960s the overall growth rate in gross national product surpassed the rates of the USA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In France, Germany, Italy the economy was growing where growth rates depend on rapid technological change however the peasant population was dropping where their role in society was fill in the "leisure industry" of teachers, clerks, etc
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Europe, USA, gain a large influx of immigrants from Asia, Middle East and parts of Africa
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">New spending money => vacations
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Immigrant works from Turkey, north Africa, Pakistan, and the West Indies suffer from low wages and unstable employment. label as "guest workers"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the decrease of power in Western Europe lead to stronger links between Australia, New Zealand, and Canada with the United States
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Canada began to develop with it copy the welfare state idea to get health care and insurance
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">free trade agreement was sign between USA and Canada when Canada gain a sense of nationalism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Canada began to get involved with growing French Canadians in Quebec where new separatist party was founded in 1967 and took control of the provincial government
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Australia and New Zealand moved away from Great Britain control and traded more with the Japanese where they got a large amount of raw-materials => immigration of Asians into Australia and New Zealand
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1951: Australia, New Zealand sign a defense pact with USA that they would fight against any Communism threat in the Pacific

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The United States saw it as their role to keep Communist ideals contain internationally. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The United States were trying to keep Communist/ Soviet borders moving in
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1947: Harry Truman put off doctrine that goes against the communist pressures on Greece and Turkey; extension of the Marshall plan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The United States help the communist North from invaded into South Korea in the beginning of the 1950s
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1947: CIA was formed
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">United States were unable to keep Cuba contain when Cuba went into Communism
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">US Air Force bomb communist North Vietnam in 1965 just to try and contain it under the US containment policy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">US President Richard Nixon wanted to expand the war in other places around Asian however when USA retreat in 1975 Vietnam became fully communist
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">President Ronald Reagan used domestic policies and military spending to keep USA "tall" in world affairs; weapon productions were use to keep Soviets "in tact" and "to keep pace"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">President George Bush use interventionist policy to send troops into Panama to get rid of the current dictator and create a moderate Arab alliance

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Trace developments for women in the post war West
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">After WWII it brought on new jobs => women being able to work => higher education for women => more and more women wanted to work
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Even with the growing amount of jobs for women the pay did lagged behind men
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">women were gaining rights to vote; in France women were able to vote; 1971: Switzerland allow women rights
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">women usually stay out of the science, engineering, and management fields
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Women were gaining ways to stay away from unpredicted pregnancies with birth control
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Middle Class women had the lowest birth rate due to the want to work
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Women was gaining legal freedoms and families were readjusting; 1961: 9% of all British marriages were being ended by divorce
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">increase of growing feminist protest against limitations on women's activities and improvement of work and child care
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">new feminism: a new wave of women rights to create equality in the role for women
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">feminism meant the growing individuality and work identity women

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Outline cultural developments in Europe.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In the USA, the universities expanded to push for scientific research with new wealth => cutting edge research
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Europeans also contributed to the advanced in science while James Watson gain credit to discovering the structure of DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Continuation of Modern Art => Paris Bernard Buffet sculpted abstract figures; Henry Moore created rounded figures and outright abstractions that show wartimes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Films were becoming more intense such as Swedish Ignmar Bergman produced a series of dark psychological drama
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">French contribute to change of historical study and European influence was greater in new theoretical formulas
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The increase of US "Coca-cola" and blue jeans" and US films became somewhat influential
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Britain was making use of popular fashions that separate between social groups
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In Britain, Holland, and Denmark, sex shops was full of erotic materials and products
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">sexual behavior -> premarital sex became more common and average age of sexual intercourse decrease, "nude" become a trending topic